PUBH6006: Community Health and Disease Prevention Online Tutoring

Introduction

Dengue fever is a deadly vital and easily prevalent viral disease mostly emerge in tropical countries because of their weather conditions and it is increasingly becoming a threat to the world. It is exacerbated by either of the four dengue virus serotypes and is transferred through female Aedes mosquitoes when she bites human beings. Dengue illness extends from moderate fever to serious dengue-hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome symptoms. Mass immigration, growing air traffic, and rapid urbanization have contributed to higher infection levels and enabled dengue extend its demographic and geographic spread (Khetarpal & Khanna, 2016). Dengue is an infection which is self-limiting and typically lasts 1 week. Throughout the period of serious infection it often destabilizes. The clinical characteristics of dengue fever differ by patient’s age. The infants and small children with skin lesions may have indistinct fractious disease. The elderly can have moderate febrile disorder or serious illness with elevated temperature, extreme fatigue, retro-orbital discomfort, muscle weakness, dysphagia, diarrhea, vomiting, and papules. Typically, leukopenia and anemia arise at all age groups. For certain instances, dengue fever can follow problem of bleeding, including gingival inflammation, pericardial effusion, stomach ulcers, proteinuria and dysphagia (Swaminathan & Khanna, 2013). Furthermore, Brauer, Castillo-Chavez & Feng (2019) stated as per World Health Organization (WHO), about 50,000,000 people all over the world get dengue contaminated.

Community based interaction in health programs based on Laverack’s ladder

Community participation seems to be of broad significance to offers visitors, policy-makers and campaigners for several decades (Alexander, 2017). Laveracks participation ladder suggests that community or group-based involvement with facilities and services shows that empowerment is essential to the inhabitants. This is situational or descriptive in essence either as a result or as a mechanism (Barry, 2019). It creates a bridge between personal capacity for power and the social implications. Leadership of wellness services is a really critical part in group centered engagement. And then will community gain empowerment. In the perspective of functional value, this work is of huge value and relevance because it makes the government and health care institutions recognize that leadership is key to involment and commitment to the community participation. It is crucial for the government to recognize that they will promote the involvement of communities and groups to enable the health care services increasingly successful (Howard-Grabman, Miltenburg, Marston & Portela, 2017).

Prevention of Dengue Fever by implementing key strategies

There are mainly three major strategies that used to enforce the dengue fever reduction system and these three techniques are policy making, community development plan and developing leadership. Policy making is the power of this analysis, because it is focused on a program of government. Policy making is the last stage when government officials sit together with their strategies and form proper policies for the implementation of the designed strategies. The priorities of the decision-makers and of the country have a significant effect on the agenda. Most international organizations i.e. WHO and UNO, and federal governments of various countries are being operated in many epidemics including dengue fever. Government policy would also promote extremely important involvement and leadership in motivating a public association and a group. This can in fact help to become productive in a healthcare system. There are three distinct and efficacious ways to design appropriate strategies. The first was to build a collaborative relationship with agricultural farmers and workers and families, and also the council, to create on-site portable medical centers to answer the workers’ health needs directly. The second is the introduction of a public awareness initiative to educate people learn how to avoid dengue fever. The third could perhaps contribute to community involvement, participation and empowerment through power structure that form by leadership (Haldane et al., 2019). The evaluation process also includes the creation of a dedicated supervision and review team to insure that the services and initiatives stay on track and properly meet the needs of the group members of the community (Issel & Wells, 2017).

Core domains of capacity building as defined by Liberato, Brimblecombe, Ritchie, Ferguson & Coveney (2011)

The key dimensions of capacity building as defined by Liberato, Brimblecombe, Ritchie, Ferguson & Coveney (2011) can be utilized to enhance understanding of dengue fever and its avoidance focused on the community members’ usage of different engagement activities and empowerment programs. Communication is of immense significance in health care, as it leads to the distribution of awareness and information (Sharma & Kaur, 2017). In healthcare services, knowledge will help individuals overcome health issues and can insure that proactive steps are taken to stop numerous illnesses. This is really necessary for every group participant to be capable of interacting and appreciate the safety consequences of a decision (Aceto, Persico & Pescapé, 2018).

Hospital is a place that takes the role of sender of the message conceived by proper preparation and formulating strategic plan. The Communicator or Platform is a brochure-shaped digital medium. The message to be sent is the hospital’s role in assisting people cope with dengue fever and attempting to improve knowledge regarding its treatment. Through this way a better framework can be developed which promotes community understanding. Technological innovations in the medicine field are quite fast. Hospitals and other healthcare services have been adopting the new technology (He et al., 2019). Utilizing new channels to also create a deeper network that can have a wider impact and a greater chance for the plan to be effective.

Link between capacity building and empowerment

Studies that is qualitative and made up of various facets of how human beings are dealt with treatment who comply with dengue fever and are assisted from private sources such as family, making the research an important and comprehensive human rights study. It also assists to measure the impact of that assistance (Siriyasatien, Chadsuthi, Jampachaisri & Kesorn, 2018). The drawback of this work is the communication of policies. The last functional element is communication with the policy. That involves the writing of laws and guidelines. It concerns both the public health system and the sustainable transparent society. Only if a dimension is improved then will communities be assured of better standards of leadership and empowerment. Research and analysis is a very important aspect as research helps the government form better policies and develop a complete understanding of the topic. Only when capacity, leadership and awareness is increased, empowerment of a community is possible. It is important that the study’s assessment is focused on the findings and conclusions collected in the analysis. The research distinction is focused on recognizing the degree of awareness and rates of infection of dengue fever pre and post education campaign. It would help to assess the success of a community awareness campaign (Kumaran et al., 2018).

Self-efficacy, which was introduced in 1988, is yet another essential factor. Self-efficacy implies the understanding of the person’s ability to conduct an action adequately. As the other four elements it’s the contribution to help describe a person’s particular actions against a health problem. This was eventually accepted as a core element of the model of health-belief. This can then be used successfully to create a better development and sustainability of the Community. Although the variables are internal in essence, there are certain categories of psychological, social, and structural variables that display strong effects. They can influence a person’s sense of risk, advantages and obstacles linked to health. The demographic variables contain age, class, ethnicity, education and so on. Psychological factors include temperament, pressure from social status and peers. Awareness of the disease and interaction with the disease can be structural variables (Hosseinzadeh, Aghaei & Aghayousefi, 2019).

Models and approaches of health promotion (health belief model and education approach) to motivate and educate 

The US Public Health Service created the health belief model in the 1950s to clarify why less individuals engage in healthcare plans intended to avoid and diagnose illness (Luquis & Kensinger, 2019). This has been part of professional health procedures. The model has proven helpful in illustrating patient conformity and non-conformity with systems of treatment and outcomes. This approach is relational and is a basis for designing healthcare plan where deterrence is not efficient. This explains the engagement (or lack of commitment) of people in engaging in activities which improve health. This concept explains the blend of specific risk assessment, approach to the situation research and applications. The health beliefs model can be seen in the figure below:

Figure 1. The basic model of health promotion i.e. Health Belief Model

This model provides the foundation for identifying and therefore using the preferences of the target population to create better health. The emphasis is on considering how individuals or societies view health and therefore the reasonable steps they should take to avoid it or strengthen their health (Cruess, Cruess & Steinert, 2018). Whereas the purpose of the education approach of health promotion is to build the knowledge and skills required to allow people to make educated lifestyle decisions (Sharma, 2016). This approach is essential to awareness and learning. This approach does not seek to force progress in a specific direction.

Furthermore, the health belief model as an approach of health promotion requires an assessment of what people and societies believe on how to combat dengue fever. That can allow build a higher degree of group knowledge and understanding. Knowledge usage is an important aspect of policy formulation. This has a huge effect on the formulation of policies. It is mostly because it influences the sensitivity levels.  It is crucial that societies learn how they should treat dengue fever details and how they should discern between the correct form of information and a non-reliable source (Parks & Lloyd, 2004). The evaluation is focused on recognizing how the study is necessary to achieve the needed evidence for the objective of making an appropriate foundation for decision-making and process management in the health care industry, particularly with respect to dengue fever. It is an important means of explaining how individuals can be encouraged to recognize the safety measures related to dengue fever (Lin, Huang, Liao & Ting, 2020).