PROJECT REPORT ON PLANNING, ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF G+5 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

INTRODUCTION:
This project comprises of forty eight blocks of residential building which consists of 2BHK and 3BHK houses. Totally there are twenty eight 2BHK blocks, twenty eight 3BHK blocks and four central blocks. Planning, Analysis and Design has been done for one 2BHK block, one 3BHK block and one central
block.
 The floor area of a single 2BHK house and a single 3BHK is 995.2 sq.ft and 1306 sq.ft respectively.
 The total plot area is 3,09,351 sq.ft

ORIENTATION OF THE BUILDING:
 Location of the building with respect to the topographical direction of wind, altitude and azimuth of the Sun is known as the Orientation of the Building. Good orientation can even increase Energy efficiency and making it comfortable to live in.
 This Apartment building faces West direction in order to make best use of Sunlight and winds. The building is also provided with open space between blocks to increases ventilation.

VENTILATION SYSTEM:
 The combination of two blocks 2BHK and 3BHK apartments are aligned adjacent to each other. The combination of the three similar blocks inclined at 60 ̊ to each other. Henceforth the ventilation system between the blocks is the major sustainable energy strategy applied to apartment buildings. This is designed to bring as much fresh air as possible in to the houses to cool them during the summer and heat them during the winter. In order to keep the temperature still within the human comfort zone, buildings operate using natural, ventilation during extreme summer and winter conditions.

 The concept is when the Sun heats the indoor garden, the temperature rises in order to push all of the hot air in the buildings upwards and out of the building.
 However, the gardening has one extra function, which is to release cool oxygen back to the building since the plants absorb some of the hot carbon dioxide.

ELECTRIFICATION WORKS:
The positioning of the electrical points is an important affair in planning a building so as to provide necessary points and slots while construction for convenience and safety. Hence it has been predetermined and proposed at front of every flats for controls. Recessed conduit type of wiring is suggested at the exact portion for rising main plug points, fan and light points are predetermined so as to leave necessary holes and slots in the structural units.

WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY FACILITIES:
Water storage tanks is proposed to have over the top floor at the open terrace each one for each block. Water will be stored with pumping arrangements with an underground sump as a collecting source. Each floor will be provided with separate main and also with suitable outlet taps. Separate facilities are provided for supplying borewell as well as drinking water. Individual system of pipes are provided for the transmission of sullage and soil wastes.

FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS:
Fire hazard is major problem in multi storeyed building. Hence fire extinguishers of required capacities are to be provided on all floors where ever possible. It is also desirable to have fire alarm signal to ensure prompt action to set out fire.

STRUCTURAL PLANNING:
In case of multi-storeyed building, the most important aspect of structural planning is the arrangements of columns. The layout of columns is determined by the shape, size, height and occupancy of the building. In this project, the column layout has been developed, considering the structural aspects, architectural appearance and economy of the project.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS:
For the structural analysis of this project, the following procedures were used,
1. Selection of preliminary dimensions of beams and columns.
2. Structural Analysis is done by using STAAD Pro.

STRUCTURAL DESIGN:
 The slab is designed by using Limit State Design.
 The design of beams and columns by Limit State design.
 The foundation and miscellaneous structure such as staircase, lintel are designed by Limit State method.
 The design is done using IS-456:2000 code with M20 grade of concrete for beam, slab and miscellaneous structures and Fe500 grade of deformed bars for reinforcement.

SPECIFICATIONS:
CEMENT:
The cement used shall be Ordinary Portland Cement or Rapid Hardening cement, Confirming to IS 269-1958.
Rapid Hardening Cement can used in Underground tanks and Sewage Treatment plants.

SAND:
Sand shall be coarse, grittily clean and have good quality as per IS specifications. It should be free from salts, dust and other impurities. Screened sand be used for plastering.

BRICKS:
The bricks shall be of best quality of their respective kinds with hard, smooth, surfaces and of uniform size and shape. The edges shall be straight and sharp. The bricks shall be free from lime, excess sand, etc.

STEEL:
Steel work shall apply with the Indian Standards specification. Fe500 grade of steel is used for reinforcement purposes.

CONCRETE PLACING:
Concreting shall be done only after checking the shuttering moulds and reinforcements where concreting is done on hard core or dry absorbing materials, the surface shall be thoroughly wetted before concrete is deposited.

VIBRATION:
Sufficient mechanical vibration or any approved pattern has to be used.

CURING:
The concrete shall be covered with a layer of sacking canvas, fission, or similar absorbing materials and kept constantly wet for a minimum of 28days from the date of placing of concrete.

FORM WORK:
Form work shall be so designed and constructed so that concrete shall be properly placed and thoroughly compacted. When concrete is to be vibrated, special care should be taken to ensure that the frame work is stable and joints are tight.

CEMENT PLASTERING:
Cement shall be thoroughly dry mixed with sand in the proportion specified. Water shall be then added gradually to make the mixture homogeneous.

EARTHWORK EXCAVATION IN FOUNDATION:
Foundation trenches shall be dug out to the exact foundation dimension, and the sides should be truly vertical.

FOUNDATION CONCRETE AND FOOTING:
The footing consists of Reinforced cement concrete in 1:1.5:3 placed over PCC bed of sufficient thickness in 1:4:8.

DAMP PROOFING COURSE:
Damp proofing course is provided to a thickness of 20mm around the plinth level of building using cement mortar 1:3.

GRADE BEAM:
Grade beam of appropriate dimension is provided in ground level of RCC 1:1.5:3.

SUPER STRUCTURE:
The super structure shall be of first class brick work in cement mortar 1:5 to a width of 230mm and 115mm.

ROOFING:
Roof slab consists of RCC 1:1.5:3 mix thickness of slab is 130mm all over the building.

FLOORING:
Flooring consists of cement concrete 1:4:8 for 100mm thick and placed over with cement mortar 1:3 20mm thick.

DOORS AND WINDOWS:
Flush doors are provided for all rooms except toilet. Single panelled doors provided for toilets. Two flushed door glassed windows with wooden frame and grills are provided for all rooms. Steel ventilators with glass provided for toilets.

WHITE WASHING:
All plastered areas are white washed in high quality shell lime with threecoats.

WEATHERING COAT:
Weathering coat consists of flat tiles of 150mm x 150mm x 12mm laid over the RCC slabs using cement mortar.

MISCELLANEOUS:
Rain water pipes are provided at suitable places to collect the rain water and convey into the first class sanitary pipe lines provided in suitable point of disposal.

The solar panels are installed in roof top of all the buildings which provide to generate electricity as much as possible.