Influence of Corrosion on Performance of Carbon Steel
Most of the metallic materials that are sued in various structures are exposed to atmospheric environments due to which atmospheric corrosion occurs and pushes metals towards deterioration. Humidity, heat, pollutants, wind speed and temperature are some important environmental situations that cause corrosion reaction in carbon steel. My research emphasizes on the environmental factors that influence the corrosion of carbon steel. Moreover, my investigation has primary aim to find the solutions of carbon steel corrosion caused by various environmental factors. The readings revealed that 80% of the carbon steel corrosion occurs due to atmospheric environmental factors. Furthermore, the articles also showed that graphene, grey relational analysis use, zinc chromate, zinc phosphate, red iron oxide and graphene oxide can be used to reduce the corrosion in carbon steel.
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Google Scholar, Emerald Insight and Elsevier journals database was utilized for conducting research and narrow down the topic. Almost all studies were based on experimental approach in which different tests were conducted on carbon steel to check its corrosion. Particularly, during the research period new methods and keywords were found that included anticorrosive pigments, graphene coating, grey system theory, grey relational analysis methods and in situ grown graphene. Based on these I also refined my keywords list. During the research process, I specifically analyzed the resources that are listed below:
Badea, G. E, Cret, P, Lolea, M, & Setel, A 2011, ‘Studies of carbon steel corrosion in atmospheric conditions’, Acta technical corviniensis-bulletin of engineering, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 25-28.
The aim of the study is to outline the principle governing atmospheric corrosion of the carbon steel and finding the influence of this corrosion by the atmospheric variables. In this article, the author intends to provide valuable insights that constitute the overall atmospheric corrosion in carbon steel by defining the types of atmospheric corrosion, the varying intensities of the process subject to geographical locations and the fundamental elements that channel and influence the process. The authors study the varying atmospheric corrosion rates depending upon the nature and electrochemical properties of metallic surfaces in controlled environments for different atmospheric elements. Atmospheric corrosion is a very usual type of corrosion, The atmosphere itself is pretty much complex as far as its elements and locations are concerned which influence corrosion rates, Humidity, temperature, atmospheric pollutants, sulphur dioxides, chlorides are the main factors that affect the corrosion rates in carbon steel. The authors claim that more or less, 80% of the deterioration is caused by the atmospheric corrosion elements. The corrosion rates in carbon steel tend to change with changes in geographic locations like urban, rural or industrial areas as the atmospheric elements present in the environment of these areas differ. The approach regarding the environmental aspects was somewhat limited as they can change drastically in different regions. The information regarding the dependability of corrosion in carbon steel on atmospheric elements would prove to be pretty much aiding in the research.
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Emira, H. S, Shakour, A. A, Abd El Rehim, S. S, Saleh, I. A, & El-Hashemy, M. A 2012, ‘Evaluation of corrosion protection of carbon steel by anticorrosive paints’, Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 255-262.
The aim of the article is to assess the counter consumption execution of the inorganic shades in paint frameworks taking into account plasticized chlorinated elastic for carbon steel in distinctive ecological conditions. The article aims to explore the role of anti-corrosive paints, which constitute of chlorinated rubber within the transitionary characteristics of carbon steel because of corrosion. Carbon steel was coated with anticorrosive pigments and then left out in the open to evaluating the effectiveness of these pigments against the corrosive reaction of the environment. The results showed that Zinc phosphate, red iron oxide, zinc chromate and treated iron industry waste powder when combined with plasticized- chlorinated rubber, strongly shielded the steel till different extents while Chlorinated rubber failure against the salt immersion test. The valuable information provided by the author on anticorrosion pigments and their usage can greatly help as far as refraining and devising solutions for corrosion in carbon steel is concerned which is one of the dimensions that has to be covered in the research.
Cao, X, Deng, H, & Lan, W 2015, ‘Use of the grey relational analysis method to determine the important environmental factors that affect the atmospheric corrosion of Q235 carbon steel’, Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 62, no. 1st, pp. 7-12.
The object of the article was to investigate in detail the factors affecting the atmospheric corrosion of Q235 carbon steel in one year. The consistency of grey relational method was checked to be used for determination of factors that affect Q235 carbon steel in a year due to atmospheric corrosion. The study conducted atmospheric corrosion exposure test on Q235 steel in China over seven different sites during one year time period. The main objective of grey relational analysis was to analyze the most important factors affecting the sequence and degree of performance. The results showed that the electrolyte layer was made acidic due to quick absorption of SO2 while increasing the hydrogen ion concentration. Moreover the ranking order of factors affecting the corrosion of Q235 carbon steel in one year were considered. The ranking order was resulted in the following manner relative humidity > dew days > SO3 > pH value of rain > precipitation > temperature > rainy days > CI > H2S >HO2. The atmospheric corrosion of Q235 carbon steel initially was recognized to be due to acidic water presence. The research is reliable because it has added to the literature of anti-corrosion methods and can be used for understanding the relation between environmental factors that affect atmospheric corrosion of metals.
Cao, X, Deng, H, Lan, W, & Cao, P 2013,‘Electrochemical investigation on atmospheric corrosion of carbon steel under different environmental parameters’, Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol.60, no. 4, pp199-205.
The purpose of the article was to focus on the importance of atmospheric corrosion monitoring. Experimental approach was followed by the authors in order to find the environmental impact on carbon steel corrosion which included outdoor exposure tests and laboratory simulation tests. Electrochemical techniques have been developed in past for studying the behavior of metallic corrosion that is covered in electrolyte films of thin layers. It is found that rain; condensation and dew can cause the water layer on the copper/steel surface. The experiments revealed that the water layers over ACM surface whenever the thickness of film is much greater than the diffusion layer thickness. While oxygen reduction and expansion controlled the drying of corrosion. Moreover evaporation of water decreases the thickness of water layer and results into increase of oxygen contact with ACM surface. Sulphur dioxide and salts were two vital catalysts air pollutants that caused the corrosion of metals Corrosion current was found out to be directly correlated with the humidity and rainfall. Tests and experiments conducted have been backed up by previous literature causing the research to be reliable.
Park, J. H, & Park, J. M 2014,’ Electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide on mild carbon steel for anti-corrosion application’, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 254, no. 1st, pp. 167-174.
The object of the work is to assess the performance of GO-EPD layer to act as an anti-corrosion shield by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EPD was used for depositing the graphene oxide onto carbon steel. Examining electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used as experiments. EPD is used as a method for the fabrication of ceramic composite films of nano-structures on the substrates that are conductive. It was discussed that r-GO and Graphene were not EPD friendly due to their characteristic of being hydrophobic. However, GO was utilized for the purpose of improving corrosion resistance from carbon steel due to its high functionality that enhanced electrophoretic motion. The underlying GO-EPD layer enhanced the barrier properties of the coated steel and the access of the corrosive elements to the steel was restricted by the GO, decreasing the corrosion activity. GO layer’s low adhesive power made it unfit to be used as sufficient anti-corrosion shield for steel. The tests revealed that the superior barrier properties of graphene oxide improved the anti-corrosion performance. The article analyzed the anti-corrosion application of graphene oxide on the surface of mild carbon by using the electrophoretic deposition method. The research is reliable because the experiments conducted were based on formulas used by Hamaker’s equations and Hummers method.
Ye, X, Lin, Z, Zhang, H, Zhu, H, Liu, Z, & Zhong, M 2015, ‘Protecting carbon steel from corrosion by laser in situ grown graphene films’, Carbon, vol. 94, no. 1st, pp. 326-334
The object of the study is to scrutinize the graphene films use as a shield for protecting the carbon steel from corrosion. The main purpose of the investigation is to use graphene for anti-corrosion coating by growing graphene on carbon steel and explore its anti-corrosion application by following an experimental approach in which Ni element was introduced into carbon steel through a laser alloying process to and Ni/Fe alloy was designed to act as a catalyst for growing graphene on surface of metals. Graphene is composed of the single layer of carbon atoms and possesses a combination of characteristics including transparency, conductivity and im-permeability of chemical. Ni worked as a catalyst in much better way than Fe, so by using Ni for growing graphene proved that it is an excellent barrier of metallic corrosion as it allowed water permeation and pristine. Due to graphene’s better electrical conductivity property, it allowed the electrons to reach cathodic site and reduced the corrosion as result. Carbon steel is not a good option for growing graphene while Ni/Fe method came out to help in growing Graphene on large scale by laser processing.
