Research Methodology

Explanatory study design is used as a research design for understanding and explaining the effects of sustainability for specific company. The explanatory design is supported by the problem solving theory under which different literature and theoretical framework is developed for developing analysis (Shabbir, 2014). The data is collected using secondary sources because the investigation is being made at macro-level. Documentary data is gathered from databases like Google Scholar, Procedia, Science Direct and JStor for evaluating the consumption and production patterns of livestock products for them to remain sustainable. The role of technology and institutional framework will also be examined through previous literature and reports published in renowned journals.

This study uses the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” (PRISMA) guidelines for reviewing the existing studies related to sustainability and livestock sector (Moher et al., 2010; Tranfield et al., 2003). Secondary data will be collected through review of relevant materials including the theses, peer-reviewed articles, conferences and other documents available on the internet. The documents will be searched by using keywords and terms associated with livestock sustainability and corporate governance. The key words include sustainability, development, sustainable development in livestock industry, environmental sustainability and corporate governance in livestock industry. No date restrictions will be imposed on the search. The priority will be given to the studies that have high relevance in terms of the substantial contribution to ongoing research on role of sustainability in livestock industry.

Literature not related to sustainability and livestock industry will be excluded from the search. Reference list of the selected articles will also be scanned for finding the relevant literature. The general inclusion strategy will be based on authority, accuracy and relevance (Browning & Rigolon, 2019). Authority will be defined by the publication of the article while accuracy will be checked in terms of how the study contributed to the sustainable development discourse in livestock industry (Wolf, et al., 2014). The full studies will be thoroughly reviewed for extracting the relevant information. Important information will be gathered and analyzed combine with qualitative content analysis and recursive abstract technique. Pieces of relevant information found will be synthesized and paraphrased for making it more condense, coherent, manageable and concise (Browning & Rigolon, 2019). The end result that is expected to be obtained from the review will be the refined summary of relevant literature regarding the key issues and relevant accounting theories related to sustainable development applied for livestock industry in Australia.

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The ethical issues related to sustainability in livestock industry are dependent on the environment and culture rather than on the productivity efficiency.

 

 

Relevant Accounting Theories

In order to apply sustainable development in livestock industry of Australia, it is important to get a grip of underlying relevant theories in accounting genre. Brundtland Report (WCED, 1987) defined sustainable development as the way with which the needs of present population is met without compromising the needs of the future generation. With passing days, the human population is expanding while pushing the need for sustainable agriculture and livestock in order to fulfill the requirement relevant to global development (Herrero & Thornton, 2013). In the given scenario, the agricultural approach to sustainable development will be discussed under three lenses i.e. resource sufficiency, ecological sustainability and social sustainability.

 

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This theory describes the rate at which the resources have to be consumed for them to stay sustainable. It provides the consumption pattern so that the resources do not drop to zero (Thompson & Nardone, 2010). The main focus of resources efficiency is on calculation of rates at which the input resources are being produced and utilized (Karlsson & Röös, 2019). It also gauge the strategies required for sustainable growth and regeneration of insufficient resources. With use of resource efficiency, the livestock industry (especially ACCo) can predict the maintenance and substitution of the resources that are in short supply so that their use can be extended on a longer time frame (Shabbir, 2014).

 

Ecological Sustainability

This concept is defined under the broad theory of functional integrity that outlines the exogenous factors directly affecting ecological sustainability such as growth in human population and dietary trends (Moraine, et al., 2017). In order to explain the output of environmental quality, the analysis of waste generation from livestock plays an important role. According to Fitzhugh (1993), for solving sustainable livestock production system, functional integrity can be used as it can overcome the problem of resource sufficiency. Kurkel and Hegevoort (1994) presented the concept of environmental production system that broadly discusses the soil fertility and impact of animal manure on soil. After summarizing the approach of sustainable livestock, such biological processes can be developed that can solve environmental issues while examining the consumption/production patterns by utilizing several innovative techniques (Rae & Nayga, 2010).